Wseas transactions on power systems hussain shareef, azah mohamed, khodijah mohamed issn. In a typical installation, a 32 watt compact fluorescent lamp provides approximately the same light output as a 100 watt incandescent lamp. Pdf compact fluorescent lamps cfl implications for. When we connect the ac supply voltage to the circuit, then the starter act like short circuited and current flow through those filament located at the first and second end of the tube light and the filament generate heat and it ionized the gas mercury vapor in the fluorescent tube lamp. Install and remove lamp from fixture by handling plastic base, not lamp glass 8. The cfl2 is an electronic ballast design for driving a 42 watt compact fluorescent lamp from a 120 or 230 volt ac line. Mar 15, 2020 a fluorescent lamp has changed over electrical energy into useful light energy to a great deal more proficiently than incandescent lamps. Electronic fluorescent lamp ballast stmicroelectronics. Pdf characterization of compact fluorescent lamp rf emissions in. By varying the proportions of different phosphors, it.
What the working principle of attached inverter circuit for. To explain the theory and the underlying principle behind the functioning of an led brief history. Fluorescent emergency ballast wiring diagram collection. Electronic ballasts contain a small circuit board with a bridge rectifier, a filter.
As both sources are dimmed, fluorescent lamps continue to be a more energy efficient light source. Its a much better solution than the circuit with 555 or 556. All three of them use phosphors excited by electrons to create light. Points lower on the graph correspond to lower energy use. Screw in lamps are selfballasted and can generally be placed in an existing screw socket without any additional equipment. Discharge lamp starting circuit particularly for compact fluorescent lamps. Canadawide standard for mercurycontaining lamps pdf. Fluorescent light fixture and tube troubleshooting and repair. The starter is like a key of fluorescent light because it is used to light up the tube.
Compact fluorescent lamps cfls are replacing incandescent light bulbs at a rapid rate due to their tremendous energy savings and longer lifetime. Compact fluorescent lamps have some benefits in comparison with classic light bulbs. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapor gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. Lighting lighting controls lighting controls are devices that. Screw in lamps mini spiral lamps 120 volt watts bulb base satco product number approx incand equiv lamp code color kelvin temp cri master inner carton pkg type avg. A fluorescent lamp has changed over electrical energy into useful light energy to a great deal more proficiently than incandescent lamps. The circuit hits the small lamp with narrow 1us pulses at a rate of 10khz.
The lamp was assumed to be a resistive load when struck and an open circuit when not struck. Circuit diagrams for compact fluorescent lamps eeweb. The inverter was expected to generate its greatest starting voltage at approximately 331khz, with the given component values. Coldcathode fluorescent lamp circuits related subject. Compact fluorescent lights cfls and light emitting diodes leds have risen to a great popularity in recent years. The circuit was designed using the ir2156 ballast driver ic. The color characteristics of the light, and to a large extent the efficacy, are determined by the chemical elements used to create the phosphor coating. Share on tumblr construction and working this circuit is constructed with timer ic555 as pulse driver for fluorescent light, the timer ic is configured as multivibrator by the timing resistros r1, vr1 and capacitor c1. Power factor correction in electronic ballasts for compact. These compact fluorescent reflector lamps are directional sources.
Before going through the working principle of a fluorescent lamp, we will first show the circuit of a fluorescent lamp in other words circuit of tube light. Verify that all replacement lamp types marked on the installed luminaire are also identified as suitable for use with this inverter charger pack. The compact fluorescent light bulb or lamp is a type of fluorescent lamp generally designed as a replacement for incandescent or halogen lamps. Fluorescent lamps are made of a glass tube filled with a low pressure mixture of gases, specifically mercury and noble gases like argon, neon, xenon and krypton. The principle of operation remains the same as in other fluorescent lighting.
Cfq for compact fluorescent quad designates a lamp composed of four tubes in a quad formation. Today most manmade light is generated the incandescent lamps in the form of compact from. The circuit diagrams pertain to how compact fluorescent lamps were made to provide several benefits like longer life span and lower power consumption as compared with classic light bulbs. There are two major types of compact fluorescent lamp, screwin and plugin. Tube has on both ends two electrodes faced with barium. Compact fluorescent lamps in addition to the basic, straight tubular lamps, there is a large number of special types with a more compact form. Backlight liquid crystal displays, optics, infrared sensors, infra red remote control protocols. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types. Of course most school systems wash their lighting equipment each summer, but if this is not done thoroughly, they may start. These compact lamps, which all work on the principle outlined above. Details on compact fluorescent lamp disadvantages 1. The internal side of lamp contains a small amount of mercury vapor and an inert gas such as argon, krypton or neon. The connection circuit to the supply grid of a fluorescent lamp. The working principle of todays modern electronic ballasts is to avoid the use of starters for the preheating purpose.
Fluorescent light wiring diagram tube light circuit. Each pulse launches about 10 watts of visible light. Newest compactfluorescentlamp questions electrical. Pdf the desire to reduce electrical loading by using energy efficient lighting has. Cfls use much less energy and last up to 10 times longer than standard light bulbs. Compact fluorescent lamps are based on the same principle as a fluorescent tube. Other controls include photocells, timers, occupancy sensors, and dimmers. The oscillation is performed by folding back the current through the tube to the npn transistors via the two secondary coils of t1. Lamp holders tombstones can be shunted or non shunted. When the lamp first turns on, the path of least resistance is through the. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. Introduction fluorescent lamps have applications in most areas of lighting, where they give longer lifetime and lower power consumption for equivalent light output compared to filament bulbs, with the disadvantage of higher initial cost. Circuit diagrams for compact fluorescent lamps eeweb community.
Compact fluorescent lamps cfls for the home have a builtin ballast at the base. Typical voltages for cfl are 60v, but can vary vastly. Disadvantages are longer starts mainly at more expensive types, impossibility to use darker and price. This term was first coined by the british scientist sir george stokes in 1852, following his observations on the mineral fluorite which glows when irradiated with ultraviolet light. These include circular, u and wtypes, paralleltube lamps pl, and lamps in which the discharge tube is given a double bend sl. Fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps control gear. You can see how this system works in the diagram below. Turn off the power to the light fixture at the breaker panel before installation. A fluorescent lamp generates light from collisions in a hot gas plasma of free accelerated electrons with atoms typically mercury in which electrons are bumped up to higher energy levels and then fall back while emitting at two uv emission lines 254 nm and 185 nm.
The longterm purpose is to find a correlation between lamp life and the duration of the corresponding cycle. With their rise in popularity, we can expect ongoing improvements to compact fluorescent lamp technology and lowered bulb costs in future. The objective of this paper is to give the working of electronic control system of cfl. Sensitivity of compact fluorescent lamps during voltage. Very few reports have been published on the subject because experiments of this type are timeconsuming, expensive and require a lot of attention and work 1. Commercial line voltage mostly uses 277 volts to power the lighting circuits. Selfballasted compact fluorescent lamp a compact fluorescent lamp unit that incorporates permanently enclosed, all elements that are necessary for the starting and stable operation of the lamp and which does not include any replaceable or interchangeable parts. Start it up how fluorescent lamps work howstuffworks. A cfl bulb is a type of fluorescent bulb that screws into a standard light socket, such as a lamp or ceiling light fixture. Just remove one of the still working pair of fluorescent tubes and replace it with each of the questionable tubes, one at a time.
A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light. The compact fluorescent lamps specification was replaced by the lamps version 1. A flickering fluorescent bulb means that it or one of a dependent pair of bulbs in the fixture has bought the. Information on the lamps specification can be found on the lamps product development page. How compact fluorescent lamps workand how to dim them. Circuit derivation, principle of operation, and the conditions for achieving unity power factor are discussed. A typical application is the use of compact fluorescent lamps with the. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces shortwave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. Rc phase shift circuit a assemble two parallel incandescent bulbs 220v, 15w and 4. Restore find greenlite and panasonic 2 pin magnetically ballasted plc compact fluorescent lamps that have electronic starters in place of the usual glowswitch type starters.
The tube contains argon gas at a low pressure of 2. Starting characteristics of fluorescent tubes and compact. The cfl use electronic ballasts and the design of these have an enormous. Electronic start compact fluorescent lamps youtube. Compact fluorescent lamps cfl a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also known as a compact fluorescent light or energy saving light, is a type of fluorescent lamp. Most cfls are designed to replace incandescent lamps and fit into most existing light fixtures. The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube. Kathode has high temperature about 900 degree celsius and generates many electrons which are accelerated by voltage between electrodes and hits atoms of argon and. Additional energy savings can be achieved by dimming, but the electronic ballast required to control the lamp has a higher cost and is difficult to design. Coldcathode fluorescent lamp circuits, ccfl control.
The normal luminous viability of fluorescent lighting frameworks is 50 to100 lumens per watt, which is a few times the adequacy of incandescent lamps with equivalent light yield. Highpressure sodium lamps also known as hps lamps or hps lights are a type of sodium lamp that is widely used in industrial lighting and many public outdoor areas. The fluorescent lighting systems are working in various operating cycles. The fluorescent tube produces visible light by the process of fluorescence. The load is a osram brand, dulux l 24w compact fluorescent lamp, model number ft24dl.
It is lower power consumption to 80% and much longer lifetime 5 to 15 times. Fluorescent lamps are significantly more efficacious than incandescent lamps. Analysis of electronics control system of cfl lamp ijirst. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energy saving light. Fluorescent lighting has a great advantage over other light sources in any application. These inhibit the initial flickering of the tube light as normally seen in the ordinary tube fixtures by changing the frequency of the mains power to a much higher 20,000 hertz or more.
This extension of fluorescent lighting is a consequence of high luminous efficacy of the fluorescent sources compared to the incandescent ones. Mar 12, 2016 restore find greenlite and panasonic 2 pin magnetically ballasted plc compact fluorescent lamps that have electronic starters in place of the usual glowswitch type starters. Compact fluorescent lamps 71 compact fluorescent lamps visit our website at. The basic construction of a cfl consists a tube which is curvedspiraled to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. In commercial buildings cfls are commonly used in recessed lighting and use a separate ballast to power the lamps bulbs.
High pressure sodium lamps or hps lamps electrical4u. Compact fluorescent lightbulb troubleshooting, repair, and service manuals. Compact fluorescent vs incandescent lamp rated ballast system system system energy type lamp life factor lumens wattage lpw savings 26 watt dulux d ecologic 10,000 hours. Working principle of fluorescent lamp polytechnic hub. Basics of compact fluorescent lamp cfl tubes basics of. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently. What is fluorescent lamp the fluorescent tube consists of a glass tube 25mm in diameter and 0. Compact fluorescent lamps cfls are replacing incandescent light bulbs at. The selection of compact fluorescent bulb available to consumers has risen dramatically in the past few years, and it is anticipated that this trend will continue. A cfl uses vacuum pipe which is principle wise same to the strip lamps commonly known as tube light.
Fluorescent lamps are the new generation of light sources. Compact fluorescent lamp use vacuum pipe similar to classic strip lamp and princip of energy transformation to light is same. How compact fluorescent lamps workand how to dim them ee times. A fluorescent lighting system usually uses more watts than the rated lamp wattage because the ballast also consumes power. Lighting controls lighting controls are devices that turn lights on and off or dim them. The operating principle of the fluoroscent lamp has very early origin. The main features of the circuit are programmable frequency, preheat. The proposed electronic ballast is implemented and tested with two 40 w fluorescent.
The transistor bd243c acts as switching trnasistor, here stepdown. The cfl works itself on the principle of the fluorescent tube. It is possible to active quite high lighting intensities without excessive temperature rise and owing to the nature of light sources, the danger of galore is minimized. Cfm designates other compact fluorescent shapes including the recently introduced triple loops or triple us. Compact fluorescent lamp circuit hubbell incorporated. Ucc3972 bicmos cold cathode fluorescent lamp driver controller a dcac inverter module used to drive a cold cathode fluorescent lamp ccfl typically used as the backlight source for the lcd panel in a notebook computer, dimming the lamp, pdf file. Compact fluorescent lamps consume 75% less wattage and still deliver equal power of incandescent lamp. Compact fluorescent lamps cfl specification version 4.
They are commonly used in public parking lots, roadways, and other security areas. Different type of lamps for luminous electrical notes. Page 1 waverunner fx high output fx cruiser high output service manual lit186160283 lit 18616 02 83 f1s 28197 1g 11. When the current is switched on, the starting mechanisms at each end of the lamp produce electrons that excite the gases inside. Use a closed core ferrite for the inductor and keep all wiring as short as possible, and the results should be at least tolerable. Here we connect one ballast, and one switch and the supply is series as shown. Even tv horizontal output transistors with their low gain can be made to work in that kind of circuit, and are very capable of generating loads of rfi. Snap switches, located in many convenient areas, make it easier for people in large, shared spaces to turn off lights in unused areas. Fluorescent continued energy and cost use for more information refer to wattage. Fluorescent lamp and working principle of fluorescent lamp.
This article explains the science behind compact fluorescent bulbs and their many applications. Then we connect the fluorescent tube and a starter across it. A general principle, in terms of the switching instants, for determining whether a switched system is linear or nonlinear is suggested. This is simple mathematical question but i cannot figure it out. Pdf in a context where energy is valued, the use of compact fluorescent light bulbs with low energy consumption. Lamp may shatter and cause injury if broken remove and install by grasping only plastic portion of the lamp. Working frequency is 35khz ideal frequency for rf excitation of fluorescent lamps. Comparison of compact fluorescent lamp with 105 w, 36 w, and 11 w power consumption a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. When the lamp first turns on, the path of least resistance is through the bypass circuit, and across the starter switch. The tubes are coated on the inside with a fluorescent material, usually a compound containing phosphorous.
The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the. Rated hours initial lumens mol length mod diameter 5 mini spiral cand. Given the increasing the study of fluorescent lamps functioning. The filament is composed of ductile tungsten and located in a gas filled bulb just like a standard tungsten bulb, however the gas in a halogen bulb is at a higher pressure 78 atm.
Cft for compact fluorescent twin designates a shorter lamp composed of two parallel tubes. One of the sections used in the circuit is the power supply which has an interference suppressor as well as filtering capacitor, fuse and bridge rectifier. The starter and ballast functions are provided by an electronic circuit integrated in the lamp which enables the use of smaller tubes folded back on themselves. Because of the even distribution of the dirt over the fixture, it can go unnoticed. The biggest obstacle to the use of cfls is the high initial purchase price. Fluorescent lighting uses much less power than incandescent lighting.
A comparative study on design and operation of fluorescent ijera. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and. Sensitivity of compact fluorescent lamps during voltage sags. Power factor correction circuit is also called as valley fill circuit. Starting circuit for lowpressure discharge lamp, such as. Compact fluorescent lighting 101 learn why compact fluorescent cf bulbs are a great lighting choice for your home. Lamps and gear fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps control gear 6. The chart shows the energy usage for different types of light bulbs operating at different light outputs. A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses. This unit can operate commonly used linear and compact fluorescent lamps. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and the circuitry. Compare this to the cost of 25 cents to 50 cents for standard incandescent atype bulbs.
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